Art Movements

Movements of Modern Art

The lists of artists do not include all artists. Some artists may belong to more than one movement.

Movement	Period	Major Artists	Characteristics
Realism - The Barbizon School	1848-1850	Theodore Rousseau, Camille Corot, Jean-Francoise Millet, Charles-Francois Daubigny, Constant Troyon, Jules Dupre	France. Rejecting academic traditionalism, these artists tried to achieve realistic portrayals of the countryside. They were influential as one of the origins of Impressionism.
Impressionnism	1867-1886	Claude Monet, Pierre-Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, Camille Pissarro, Edgar Degas, Mary Cassatt, Gustave Caillebotte, Frederic Bazille, Edouard Manet, William Merritt Chase	Europe and United States. Major movement in Art, and later in Music. Naturalistic style of painting in which the artist attempts to capture transient effects of light and color.
Symbolism	1880-1900	Gustave Moreau, Odilon Redon, Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, Fernand Khnopff, Arnold Bocklin, Mikhail Vrubel, Elihu Vedder, Xavier Mellery, Felicien Rops, Jan Toorop, Franz von Stuck, John Duncan, Jean Delville, Edvard Munch	Europe including Russia. A broad reaction against industrialization and urbanization. In art an offshoot of Romanticism, charged with mysticism and dream visions. Used pictorial conventions to depict metaphoric imagery. Inspired the Surrealists.
Post-Impressionism	1880-1900	Paul Gauguin, Henri Rousseau, Vincent Van Gogh, Henri Martin, Henri de Toulouse- Lautrec, Edouard Voulard	France. Influenced by Impressionism but more emotionally charged. Symbolic content.
Pointillism Divisionism	1880-1890	Camille Pissaro, Henri-Edmond Cross, Georges Seurat, Maximillien Luce, Paul Signac	France. Pointillism is a technique that uses points of primary color to create secondary colors and to increase color intensity. Divisionism is similar, but concentrates more on color theory instead of brushstrokes.
Les Nabis	1891-1899	Edouard Vuillard, Maurice Denis, Chaïm Soutine, Félix Vallotton, Verkade, Ballin, Pierre Bonnard, Roussel	Means The Prophets'. Parisian artists who were Influenced by Gauguin, the Japanism and the Pont-Aven's School. They were influential in the development s in design and the graphic arts.
Fauvism	1898-1908	Georges Braque, Andr?Derain, Raoul Dufy, Henri Matisse, Georges Rouault, Kees Van Dongen, Othon Friesz, Maurice de Vlaminck	Europe. Also influenced by Gauguin, this is a primitive style using strong and pure colors. Simplification of forms and perspective.
Art Nouveau	1890-1915	Louis Comfort Tiffany, Hector Guimard, Victor Horta, Hermann Obrist, Gustav Klimt, Alphonse Mucha, Anton Gaudi, Georges de Feure, Charles Rennie Mackintosh, Lucien Levy-Dhurmer, Aubrey Beardsley	Europe and United States. Rooted in the Arts and Crafts movement of William Morris, a decorative style in architecture, graphic arts, painting and sculpture. Characterized by elegant sinuous, highly detailed patterns and shapes based on organic forms.
Die Brücke	1905-1913	Erich Heckel, Karl Schmidt-Rottluff, Ernst Ludwig Kirchner, Otto Mueller, Emil Nolde, Max Pechstein	Germany. Means 'The Bridge'. A group of expressionists artists. Their work is characterized by the intensely emotional and violent imagery.
Expressionism	1905-1920	James Ensor, Alexe?Von Jawlensky, Wassily Kandinsky, Gabriele Münter, Franz Marc, August Macke, Oskar Kokoschka, Egon Schiele, Chaim Soutine, Emil Filla, Béla Czobel, Edward Munch, Francis Bacon, Amedeo Modigliani, Max Beckmann	Northern Europe. Emotionally charged and graphic. Artist expresses inner feelings at the expense of realistic presentation. Influenced by primitive arts.
Cubism	1908-1920	Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Fernand Leger, Juan Gris, Alexandre Archipenko, Albert Gleizes, Lionel Feininger, Jacques Lipchitz, Jean Metzinger When I abound up, I began to pay absorption to breitling replica acclaimed bodies or acclaimed stars. Again the jewelries or swiss replica watches decorating locations aswell admiring my eyes. I accept remembered that one time, I watched a allocution actualization interviewing Andy Lau, and some words he said were absolutely inspiring. He said that afore he became famous, he just played an bush role in rolex replica cine shooting. But at that time, Chow Yun-fat was actual acclaimed in cine field. One time, it was cafeteria time; Andy and Chow Yun-fat were accepting cafeteria at the replica watches aforementioned table. Andy saw the Rolex watch on Chow Yun-fat's duke and acquainted so fake hublot anxious about that.	Europe. Influenced by Cezanne and Tribal arts. The first phase is called Analytical Cubism concerned itself with fragmenting the image and presenting it in multiple facets. The second phase, Synthetic Cubism incorporated collage. The Cubist lay at the foundation of many other modern movements.
Futurism	1909-1914	Filippo Tommaso Marinetti, Giacomo Balla, Umberto Boccioni, Carlo Carra, Gino Severini,	Italy. Broad movement in literature, painting, sculpture, photography and architecture. Aesthetic based on the machine and motion.
Section d'Or	1911-1914	Marcel Duchamp, Raymond Duchamp-Villon, Jacques Villon, Albert Gleizes, Roger de la Fresnaye, Andr?Lhote, Francis Picabia, Jean Metzinger	Paris. Group of artists related to Cubism and concerned with proportion and geometric rhythms.
Der Blaue Reiter	1911-1914	Vassily Kandinsky, Franz Marc, Heinrich Campendonk, Alexe?Jawlensky, Paul Klee, August Macke, Gabriele Münter	Germany. Means 'Blue Rider'. Expressionist group which emphasized express spirituality in art.
Orphism	1912-1914	Robert Delaunay, Sonia Delaunay, Frantisek Kupka, Francis Picabia	Paris. Poet Guillaume Apollinaire applied the French term Orphisme to the visionary and lyrical art of Robert Delaunay and his followers. Related to Cubism. Related to Synchronism.
Vorticism	1913-1917	William Roberts, Edward Wadsworth, Henri Gaudier-Brzeska, Cuthbert Hamilton, Helen Saunders, David Bomberg, CRW Nevinson, Alvin Langdon Coburn, Jacob Epstein, Fredrick Etchells	England. In literature, painting, sculpture, and photography. Influenced by both Cubism and Futurism. Inspired by the fast pace of urban, industrial and technological life.
Suprematism	1913-1922	Kasimir Malevitch, Alexandre Rodtchenko, Alexandra Exter, El Lissitzky, Ilya Chashnik, Ivan Kliun, Olga Rozanova	Russia. Based on an aesthetic that abstracted forms could convey ideas.
Dada	1916-1922	Hans Arp, Marcel Duchamp, Max Ernst, George Grosz, Hugo Ball, Man Ray, Francis Picabia, Raoul Hausmann, John Heartfield, Marcel Janco, Kurt Schwitters, Sophie Taeuber-Arp	Europe and United States. Participants tried to divest themselves of traditional art theory and conventions. The purpose of Dada was to express the chaos in the world during and after World War I.
Metaphysical Painting	1917-1922	Giorgio De Chirico, Carlo Carra, Giorgio Morandi	Italy. Reaction to Futurism. Incorporated dreamlike imagery, seemingly frozen in time. Used traditional perspective but strange and illogical relationships, and unrealistic lighting and colors. Influenced both Magic Realism and Surrealism.
De Stilj	1917-1940	Piet Mondrian, Theo Van Doesburg, Jean Gorin, Ilya Bolotlowsky, Georges Vantongerloo	Netherlands. Means 'the style'. A rigid form of Abstraction characterized by use of a grid, delineated by black lines, was filled with blocks of primary colour. Also known as Neo-Plasticism.
Purism	1918-1926	Le Corbusier, Amedee Ozenfant	France. A reaction to Cubism, in painting and architecture. Based on the theory that fantasy and individuality had no place in Modern art. Stressed geometrical simplicity and a search for pure forms. The machine was of central importance to this approach.
Neue Sachlichkeit New Objectivity	1918-1933	Otto Dix, Christian Schad, George Grosz, Carlo Mense, Conrad Felixmuller, Georg Scholz, Franz Radziwill, Alexander Kanoldt, Franz Lenk	Germany. Also known as Post-expressionism The art of Weimar Republic, characterized by a a sharply focused realistic style. It included both uncanny, dreamlike imagery and socially critical, cynical work. The latter Includes the beginnings of Magic Realism.
Magic Realism	1920-1958	Christian Schad, Otto Dix, Carlo Mense, Franz Radziwill, Carel Willink, Pyke Koch, Ivan ALbright, Paul Cadmus, Jared French, George Tooker, Peter Blume, Alex Colville	Europe and United States. A realistic style infused with fantastic, dreamlike elements. Sometimes combines sharply focused details with an unusual palette. Strives to portray everyday objects in unfamiliar ways.
Bauhaus	1919-1933	Josef Albers, Walter Gropius, Johannes Itten, Wassily Kandinsky, Paul Klee, Anni Albers, Meyer, Ludwig Mies Van Der Rohe, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, Oskar Schlemmer	Germany. A Modern school of design based in Weimar. Integrates Expressionist and Abstract art with the fields of design and architecture.
Precisionism	1920-1940	Charles Sheeler, Charles Demuth, Edmund Lewandowski, Ralston Crawford, Georgia O'Keefe (urban works)	United States. Also known as Cubist Realism. Realistic rendering with emphasis on geometric forms and flat planes. Emphasis on sharply defined detail. Related to Magic Realism.
Art Deco	1920-1939	Tamara de Lempicka, Rene Lalique, Leon Bakst, Jean Dupas, Dufrene, Erte, Louis Icart, Cassandre	Europe and United States. Modernist reaction to Arte Nouveau in painting, sculpture, design and architecture. An elegant decorative style, characterized by linear and geometrical forms and a bold yet restricted palette.
Constructivism	1921-1928	Vladimir Tatline, Alexandre Rodtchenko, Liobov Popova, Naum Gabo, Kasimir Malevitch, El Lissitzky, Antoine Pevsner, Lioubov Popova	Russia, Germany. Broad movement in painting, sculpture, photography, literature, theatre and film. Non-representational, yet not abstract. Mostly three dimensional. Constructionist believed that great works of art were to be discovered in the practical arts rather than in Fine Arts.
Muralism	1921-1935	Diego Rivera, Jos?Clemente Orozco, David Siqueiros	Mexico. A type of Social Realism. Large mural paintings based on populist and native Indian themes executed in public buildings.
Surrealism	1924-1950	Andre Breton, Max Ernst,, Salvador Dali, Rene Magrittet, Joan Miro, Yves Tanguy, Paul Delvaux, Remedios Varo, Kay Sage, Man Ray, Roberto Matta, Dorothea Tanning, Leonora Carrington, Meret Oppenheim	Europe. Surrealism was inspired by the psychoanalytical research of Sigmund Freud. This fantastic art is based on exploring subconscious processes. The Automatistic wing focused on methods to depict the imagery involuntarily derived from the subconscious. The Verist wing believed in using academic methods to render metaphors of subconscious process.
Cercle et Carr?/font>	1929-1938	Jean Arp, Willi Baumeister, Cesar Domela, Alexandra Exter, Wassily Kandinsky, Le Corbusier, Fernand Leger, Piet Mondrian, Amedee Ozenfant, Sophie Taeuber-Arp, Joaquin Torres-Garcia, and Georges Vantongerloo	Paris. Abstract reaction to the rise of Surrealism. Related to Constructivism.
American Scene	1931-1940	Edward Hopper, Charles Burchfield	United States. Antimodernist style during the Great depression. Includes the two main schools, the Regionalists and the Social Realists, plus independents like Hopper and Burchfield.